tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77172618602888981452024-02-07T10:14:14.371-08:00SUSUNAN KRISTALtugas zadathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05054803928737747688noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7717261860288898145.post-57481369207430213502010-06-02T20:05:00.000-07:002010-06-04T05:56:31.831-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">SUSUNAN KRISTAL</div>Pengertian Kristal<br />
Kristal adalah susunan atom-atom yang memiliki keteraturan secara periodik.<br />
1.Struktur Kristal<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Kristal merupakan susunan atom-atom yang teratur dalam ruang tiga dimensi. Keteraturan susunan tersebut terjadi karena kondisi geometris yang harus memenuhi adanya ikatan atom yang berarah dan susunan yang rapat. Secara ideal, susunan polihedra koordinasi paling stabil adalah yang memungkinkan terjadinya energi per satuan volume yang minimum. Keadaan tersebut dicapai jika:</div>(1) Kenetralan listrik terpenuhi.<br />
(2) Ikatan kovalen yang diskrit dan terarah terpenuhi.<br />
(3) Gaya tolak ion-ion menjadi minimal.<br />
(4) Susunan atom serapat mungkin.<br />
<br />
<br />
2.Ikatan-ikatan kristal : ionik, kovalen, logam.<br />
a.Ionik<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Ikatan ionik adalah ikatan yang terjadi karena gaya elektrostatis. Ikatan ionik terbentuk karena adanya gaya tarik-menarik elektrostatik (Coulomb) antara ion positif dan ion negatif. Terbentuknya ion-ion tersebut disebabkan oleh terjadinya transfer elektron antar atom-atom yang membentuk ikatan. Beberapa contoh kristal ionik antara lian : NaCl, CsCl, KBr, NaI, dst. Untuk NaCl, elektron pada atom Na ditransfer kepada atom Cl :</div><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEv5lmzpJN7eqv5pvZlSBCsAD4Y2gevpGiFeJ1WHRS7UZ4JrHhhoF8dguoyTuZnxf5HZQtYrwOx6wZEjusUgIHhkniuOruAM51vTTSA7Tt-lg6sEb4TuAH41rCJWzXVnH8eV88j-2UWI/s1600/New+Picture.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5477659366909991698" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEv5lmzpJN7eqv5pvZlSBCsAD4Y2gevpGiFeJ1WHRS7UZ4JrHhhoF8dguoyTuZnxf5HZQtYrwOx6wZEjusUgIHhkniuOruAM51vTTSA7Tt-lg6sEb4TuAH41rCJWzXVnH8eV88j-2UWI/s320/New+Picture.png" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 77px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
b.Kovalen<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Ikatan kovalen adalah ikatan yang terjadi karena pemakaian bersama elektron. Ikatan ini terjadi karena pemakaian pasangan elektron secara bersama oleh 2 atom yang berikatan. Ikatan kovalen terjadi akibat ketidakmampuan salah 1 atom yang akan berikatan untuk melepaskan elektron (terjadi pada atom-atom non logam). Ikatan kovalen terbentuk dari atom-atom unsur yang memiliki afinitas elektron tinggi serta beda keelektronegatifannya lebih kecil dibandingkan ikatan ion.</div><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8cUmcmjR2AFzBwMNTsFcOskljFLxruSGfLNZUVvGYjetqGE7I_Iwb-HJUS_hgvlrbrlSOhzo1kNyWQcyAJjlza4Vnw8ECoM2ajQbrFwdMicVAIzmKpLTqKL1TpSAZJWSZfgkj3SBLlk/s1600/New+Picture+%281%29.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5477660377873557170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI8cUmcmjR2AFzBwMNTsFcOskljFLxruSGfLNZUVvGYjetqGE7I_Iwb-HJUS_hgvlrbrlSOhzo1kNyWQcyAJjlza4Vnw8ECoM2ajQbrFwdMicVAIzmKpLTqKL1TpSAZJWSZfgkj3SBLlk/s320/New+Picture+%281%29.png" style="cursor: pointer; float: left; height: 89px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
c.Logam<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">Ikatan logam adalah ikatan yang terjadi pada atom logam. Logam dicirikan oleh tingginya konduktivitas listrik dan termal, banyak mengandung elektron bebas yang dapat bergerak diseluruh kristal. Elektron valensi yang dimiliki oleh setiap atom logam, akan menjadi elektron bebas bila atom-atom tersebut membentuk kristal</div><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_z_ceBqnNRE4oU3YEsQyW4KONaO-JKcA67ZwErAsfD0mpW_xwfSLnsb92clPEFZOjHyZ99qaUvpefCXpVjv45wILSoEdAzBMPDp98PGIu2bbE8PhGf-X8NrLPkeF63MGDiMqurHk_Eew/s1600/LOGAM.png" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5477662382177906114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_z_ceBqnNRE4oU3YEsQyW4KONaO-JKcA67ZwErAsfD0mpW_xwfSLnsb92clPEFZOjHyZ99qaUvpefCXpVjv45wILSoEdAzBMPDp98PGIu2bbE8PhGf-X8NrLPkeF63MGDiMqurHk_Eew/s320/LOGAM.png" style="float: left; height: 231px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
d. Ikatan Van Der Waals<br />
katan Van Der Waals adalah ikatan yang terjadi pada gas mulia.<br />
<br />
<br />
3.Bentuk-bentuk kristal : SC, BCC, FCC.<br />
SC (Simple Cubic)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYir4geTXAzIuzUl7am7fwlITqJNaFq2p-uUtnf_VNieqWrpqYtpnkha4Me7mdCUqnFTruUzTBxdQkkS8PeJDDFlccDaEnT80QtDnyuMNbuTScAZcJe_bRxFi2gSRXDtRXa_XW7aWIb0/s1600/untitled.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYir4geTXAzIuzUl7am7fwlITqJNaFq2p-uUtnf_VNieqWrpqYtpnkha4Me7mdCUqnFTruUzTBxdQkkS8PeJDDFlccDaEnT80QtDnyuMNbuTScAZcJe_bRxFi2gSRXDtRXa_XW7aWIb0/s320/untitled.bmp" /></a></div> b. BCC (body center cubic)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOKyZIG4OmJaqmUBEelwxjceaLT2_BI2lTuvuAFQzD_R6J9dKJfN_OieIe2Ck5tW_PFADDgsrQGCJqUfCkrpHnK-XGTirZsab9PA0CJcFPTtF1rHv9QUNwgdcUeDMXncssuAmcUrI2gTw/s1600/New+Picture+%281%29.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOKyZIG4OmJaqmUBEelwxjceaLT2_BI2lTuvuAFQzD_R6J9dKJfN_OieIe2Ck5tW_PFADDgsrQGCJqUfCkrpHnK-XGTirZsab9PA0CJcFPTtF1rHv9QUNwgdcUeDMXncssuAmcUrI2gTw/s320/New+Picture+%281%29.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3fneMA9Z6jyjIqNYMI2cR4LlYjVOX_wxmKZGCwYBtZaF4HUeb1YmTsDaHfHVXqoCY1azLwoTWoefuj2muLe8MYhmfkERfNUrjjfNd0YWt9SL9UVi9ojaIIPNiSZuRE60EThZgVx6VLrk/s1600/2.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3fneMA9Z6jyjIqNYMI2cR4LlYjVOX_wxmKZGCwYBtZaF4HUeb1YmTsDaHfHVXqoCY1azLwoTWoefuj2muLe8MYhmfkERfNUrjjfNd0YWt9SL9UVi9ojaIIPNiSZuRE60EThZgVx6VLrk/s320/2.bmp" /></a></div><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;">c. FCC (face center cubic)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic-J3u5i6-RxYoe7DFy6_zG8Irx5VSFGMrxegiWt6NZss65yQJq0VjTupPIaWHoSz0Aub3mdR7fvYCROObJ08WpS42xsvgLq-FYyJnN69bSacpXAPSyEp5JQdhah4d7Tv-1QbqL94cHfI/s1600/FCC.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic-J3u5i6-RxYoe7DFy6_zG8Irx5VSFGMrxegiWt6NZss65yQJq0VjTupPIaWHoSz0Aub3mdR7fvYCROObJ08WpS42xsvgLq-FYyJnN69bSacpXAPSyEp5JQdhah4d7Tv-1QbqL94cHfI/s320/FCC.png" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWmA2HIu6DfoGUlgPZBMww7McPxH_5B0jX_EG42CKqXkFBgOJ6SqTwJGiCFWiY1DdCRrQRTe7ATmztFclcVCYq1a5MesJfEdxXlpc0AuHZU3O9Kmd_AXaie7JforaEYEcPsEzJyVEskIo/s1600/3.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWmA2HIu6DfoGUlgPZBMww7McPxH_5B0jX_EG42CKqXkFBgOJ6SqTwJGiCFWiY1DdCRrQRTe7ATmztFclcVCYq1a5MesJfEdxXlpc0AuHZU3O9Kmd_AXaie7JforaEYEcPsEzJyVEskIo/s320/3.bmp" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;">4.Gambar-gambar Sistem Kristal</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq2j2g9E0peUeKQB7KLH3S8cz5sRWuv66K_UQk8vX1Wzs5Fy1X7N_n0hLHNmnI38rtiD7qPts5FDC6vxhlqM1AKAgIXWIdzFBJA-nkbnyKSS3I4uwmuBgZ7Q_ODpB_h_61v6ehp129MYI/s1600/4.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq2j2g9E0peUeKQB7KLH3S8cz5sRWuv66K_UQk8vX1Wzs5Fy1X7N_n0hLHNmnI38rtiD7qPts5FDC6vxhlqM1AKAgIXWIdzFBJA-nkbnyKSS3I4uwmuBgZ7Q_ODpB_h_61v6ehp129MYI/s640/4.bmp" width="476" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5UHpW9TgqKYiw3BWiUZSO6BUfSCIJ3S_vbHgTI5gOrULPWmKdq6LA6jlynaKKMVu0h0JRjMCxO680RbZsbdu42S5u5KCM6GgTV1V0ep_cgmErPMS7Fk4xYDC2tJKgJQkg0MtYhKaU2Q/s1600/New+Picture.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_5UHpW9TgqKYiw3BWiUZSO6BUfSCIJ3S_vbHgTI5gOrULPWmKdq6LA6jlynaKKMVu0h0JRjMCxO680RbZsbdu42S5u5KCM6GgTV1V0ep_cgmErPMS7Fk4xYDC2tJKgJQkg0MtYhKaU2Q/s400/New+Picture.png" width="371" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaVGGMxb4mdEdE6SulsVxrQhzXKDDCYH3nfJpclOmh6FJ0ZBi2ls0DQPSYn-3-BfngbCVCfc3xUP8DVFzH-SOMXGVjnXXPGFlzaL6lXwIwT9juxtYGMQrkpKglNfNm_R-48ocPEuiXKSM/s1600/untitled.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaVGGMxb4mdEdE6SulsVxrQhzXKDDCYH3nfJpclOmh6FJ0ZBi2ls0DQPSYn-3-BfngbCVCfc3xUP8DVFzH-SOMXGVjnXXPGFlzaL6lXwIwT9juxtYGMQrkpKglNfNm_R-48ocPEuiXKSM/s400/untitled.bmp" width="400" /></a></div><br />
</div>tugas zadathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05054803928737747688noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7717261860288898145.post-48784576819721366092010-06-02T06:19:00.000-07:002010-06-02T18:58:26.623-07:001. Yurni Purnama Sari ( A1C406210 ) <br />
2. Noor Fahrin ( A1C406218 )<br />
3. Raihana ( A1C406224 ) <br />
4. Ade Ayu Rizky ( A1C406239 )<br />
5. Anwari Hasmi ( A1C406242 )<br />
6. Noor Latifah ( A1C406245 )<br />
7. Hj. Zainatul M ( A1C406252 )<br />
8. Helen Adriaty ( A1C406261 )<br />
9. Royati ( A1C406262 )<br />
10. Iplia ( A1C406269 )<br />
11. Isnawati ( A1C406276 ) <br />
12. Endang Risnawati ( A1C406282 )<br />
13. Rizwan Ade Riani ( A8C405036 )tugas zadathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05054803928737747688noreply@blogger.com0